About Carbon Steel, Alloy Steel, Spring Steel, and Cast Iron
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About Composites
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Selecting Compatible Lead Screws and Nuts
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About Shafts
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About Rubber
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About Aluminum
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Low-Carbon Steel Rods and Discs
- Yield Strength: See table
- Hardness: See table
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: See table
- Specifications Met: See table
Also known as mild steel, low-carbon steel is easy to machine, form, and weld. It's widely fabricated into parts that don’t require high strength, such as fixture clamps, mounting plates, and spacers. This material can be surface hardened with heat treating.
Ground rods are decarb-free for a uniform surface that will consistently accept heat treating.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Tight-Tolerance Low-Carbon Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: Not Rated
- Hardness: Not Rated (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Not Rated
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
These rods are precision ground and held to a strict straightness tolerance, so they're ready for turning in a lathe. Also known as mild steel, low-carbon steel is easy to machine, form, and weld. It's widely fabricated into parts that don’t require high strength, such as fixture clamps, mounting plates, and spacers. This material can be surface hardened with heat treating.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Tight-Tolerance Ultra-Machinable 12L14 Carbon Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 65,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B80 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C65
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
Ready for turning in a lathe, these rods are precision ground and held to a strict straightness tolerance. The lead additive acts as a lubricant, which allows 12L14 carbon steel to withstand very fast machining. It's used to fabricate a wide variety of machine parts.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Chrome-Plated Hardened Multipurpose 4140 Alloy Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 100,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C30 (Hard)
The chrome plating on these rods increases corrosion resistance. They are hardened for increased abrasion and impact resistance. Also known as chrome-moly steel, this versatile 4140 alloy steel is used for a wide range of parts, such as gears, axles, shafts, collets, and die holders. It resists fracturing from repeated stress.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Tight-Tolerance Multipurpose 4140 Alloy Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 60,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell B90 (Medium)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C60
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
Ready for turning in your lathe, these rods are precision ground and held to a strict straightness tolerance. Also known as chrome-moly steel, this versatile 4140 alloy steel is used for a wide range of parts, such as gears, axles, shafts, collets, and die holders. It resists fracturing from repeated stress.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
High-Strength Multipurpose 4140 Alloy Steel Rods
- Yield Strength: 130,000 psi
- Hardness: Rockwell C32 (Hard)
- Specifications Met: ASTM A108
Often called ETD-150, these rods are made from a modified version of 4140 alloy steel and have been drawn at high temperatures for excellent strength. Also known as chrome-moly steel, they are used for a wide range of parts, such as gears, axles, shafts, collets, and die holders. They resist fracturing from repeated stress.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Multipurpose 304 Stainless Steel
From cookware to chemical-processing equipment, 304 stainless steel is a good all-around choice for a wide range of applications. It maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1500° F.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Tight-Tolerance High-Strength 17-4 PH Stainless Steel
Each piece is precision ground to offer tighter tolerances than standard 17-4 PH stainless steel. With a higher chromium content than 15-5 PH stainless steel, this high-strength material offers better corrosion resistance. It's also known as 630 stainless steel. It maintains its corrosion resistance in temperatures up to 1100° F.
Rods are held to a strict diameter tolerance, so they’re ready for turning in your lathe.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
- Yield Strength: 118,000 psi
- Hardness: See table
- Heat Treatment: Annealed (Softened)
- Heat Treatable: Yes
- Max. Hardness After Heat Treatment: Rockwell C47
- Specifications Met: ASTM A564
Multipurpose 6061 Aluminum Rods and Discs
- Yield Strength: 35,000 psi
- Hardness:
Foot and inch sizes: Brinell 95 (Soft)
Metric sizes: Brinell 80 (Soft) - Temper: See table
- Fabrication: See table
- Specifications Met:
Cold Worked: ASTM B211
Extruded: ASTM B221
Cold Rolled: ASTM B209
The most widely used aluminum, 6061 is fabricated into everything from pipe fittings and containers to automotive and aerospace parts. It is strong and corrosion resistant, plus it's easy to machine and weld.
If you don't see the size you're looking for, please specify a length under additional rod lengths.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Tight-Tolerance Multipurpose 6061 Aluminum Rods and Discs
These rods and discs are precision ground to offer tighter tolerances than standard 6061 rods and discs. The most widely used aluminum, 6061 is fabricated into everything from pipe fittings and containers to automotive and aerospace parts. It is strong and corrosion resistant, plus it's easy to machine and weld.
Rods are held to a strict straightness tolerance, so they’re all set for turning in your lathe.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Tight-Tolerance High-Strength 7075 Aluminum Rods
- Yield Strength: 73,000 psi
- Hardness: Brinell 150 (Medium)
- Temper: T6
- Fabrication: Cold Worked
- Specifications Met: ASTM B211
Ready for turning in a lathe, these rods are precision ground and held to a strict straightness tolerance. Originally developed for aircraft frames, uses for 7075 aluminum now include keys, gears, and other high-stress parts. It is often used as a replacement for 2024 aluminum because it’s stronger and provides similar performance in all other aspects.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Certificates with a traceable lot number are available for these products. Download certificates from ORDER HISTORY after your order ships.
Ball Screws and Nuts
Internal ball bearings provide smooth low-friction travel in applications that require high speeds, accurate positioning, and repeatable movement. Also known as single-start ball screws and nuts, they have a single thread that runs the length of the screw. They operate with more torque than fast-travel ball screws and nuts. To ensure compatibility, select components that have the same thread direction and size. Ball nuts are furnished with a tube to keep ball bearings in place. Do not remove the tube until you are ready to install the nuts onto the screws.
Travel distance per turn, also known as screw lead, is the distance a ball nut moves with one revolution of the ball screw.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Flange | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thread Size | Lg. | Dia. | Wd. | Ht. | Thick. | No. of Thread Starts | Travel Distance per Turn | Hardness | Dynamic Thrust Load Cap., lbs. | Max. Backlash | Each | ||
Alloy Steel | |||||||||||||
C | M20 | 40mm | 40mm | 60mm | 46mm | 10mm | 1 | 5mm | Rockwell C58 | 1,300 | 0.1mm | 0000000 | 0000000 |
Linear Motion Shafts
Smooth, hard, and wear resistant, these shafts work with linear bearings to reduce friction in manual and automated systems, such as those found in packing, machine tool, and material handling operations. All are turned, ground, and polished to tight diameter and straightness tolerances.
Steel shafts are generally stronger than aluminum and stainless steel shafts but not as corrosion resistant. Carbon steel shafts are good for general purpose use.
Stainless steel shafts are more corrosion resistant than steel shafts; however, they’re not as hard as steel shafts and can be more difficult to machine. 420 and 440C stainless steel shafts have good corrosion resistance and are harder than 17-4 PH stainless steel shafts, so they better resist wear.
Surface smoothness—The lower the microinch value, the smoother the finish and the less friction and wear it will cause on the bearing.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Lg., mm | Lg. Tolerance, mm | Straightness Tolerance | Surface Smoothness, microinch | Edge Type | Hardness Rating | Hardness | Heat Treatment | Each | |
40 mm Dia. (Tolerance: -0.016 mm to 0 mm) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
200 | -0.5 to 0.5 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C59 | Case Hardened | 00000000 | 000000 |
500 | -0.8 to 0.8 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C59 | Case Hardened | 0000000 | 00000 |
1,000 | -0.8 to 0.8 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C59 | Case Hardened | 0000000 | 000000 |
1,200 | -1.2 to 1.2 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C59 | Case Hardened | 0000000 | 000000 |
1,500 | -1.2 to 1.2 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C59 | Case Hardened | 0000000 | 000000 |
2,000 | -1.2 to 1.2 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C59 | Case Hardened | 0000000 | 000000 |
2,500 | -2 to 2 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C59 | Case Hardened | 0000000 | 000000 |
Lg., mm | Lg. Tolerance, mm | Straightness Tolerance | Surface Smoothness, microinch | Edge Type | Hardness Rating | Hardness | Heat Treatment | Each | |
40 mm Dia. (Tolerance: -0.01 mm to 0 mm) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
750 | -1 to 1 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 8 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C60 | Case Hardened | 00000000 | 0000000 |
Lg., mm | Lg. Tolerance, mm | Straightness Tolerance | Surface Smoothness, microinch | Edge Type | Hardness Rating | Hardness | Heat Treatment | Each | |
40 mm Dia. (Tolerance: -0.016 mm to 0 mm) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
500 | -0.8 to 0.8 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C52 | Case Hardened | 0000000 | 0000000 |
600 | -0.8 to 0.8 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C52 | Case Hardened | 0000000 | 000000 |
800 | -0.8 to 0.8 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C52 | Case Hardened | 0000000 | 000000 |
1,000 | -0.8 to 0.8 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C52 | Case Hardened | 0000000 | 000000 |
1,200 | -1.2 to 1.2 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C52 | Case Hardened | 0000000 | 000000 |
1,500 | -1.2 to 1.2 | 0.03 mm per 300 mm | 12 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C52 | Case Hardened | 0000000 | 000000 |
Hollow Linear Motion Shafts
Lighter than solid shafts, hollow shafts reduce your total system weight and allow you to run various media such as electrical wiring, compressed air tubing, coolants, or lubricants through the center. These shafts are smooth, hard, and wear resistant, so they work with linear bearings to reduce friction in manual and automated systems, such as those found in packing, machine tool, and material handling operations. The exterior of these shafts is turned, ground, and polished to tight diameter and straightness tolerances. The interior is unfinished.
These shafts are hardened on the surface, so they stand up to repeated motion. All have chamfered ends to remove sharp edges and reduce damage to bearings, housings, and other components during installation.
Carbon steel shafts are strong and good for general purpose use.
Surface smoothness—The lower the microinch value, the smoother the finish and the less friction and wear it will cause on the bearing.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Lg. | Lg. Tolerance | Dia. Tolerance | ID Tolerance | Surface Smoothness, microinch | Hardness Rating | Hardness | Each | |
Metric—1055 Carbon Steel | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40mm Dia. (27mm ID) | ||||||||
500mm | -0.8mm to 0.8mm | -0.025mm to 0mm | -1.35mm to 1.35mm | 12 | Very Hard | Rockwell C59 | 0000000 | 0000000 |
1,000mm | -0.8mm to 0.8mm | -0.025mm to 0mm | -1.35mm to 1.35mm | 12 | Very Hard | Rockwell C59 | 0000000 | 000000 |
1,500mm | -1.2mm to 1.2mm | -0.025mm to 0mm | -1.35mm to 1.35mm | 12 | Very Hard | Rockwell C59 | 0000000 | 000000 |
Rotary Shafts
Combine these general purpose drive shafts with gears, sprockets, and bearings to transmit rotary motion. All are turned, precision ground, and polished to meet tight diameter and straightness tolerances. This means these shafts evenly distribute loads, reduce vibration, and improve accuracy and stability.
Steel shafts are generally stronger than stainless steel shafts but not as corrosion resistant. Carbon steel shafts balance high strength and good machinability, making them ideal for general purpose use.
Shafts with chamfered edges reduce damage to bearings, housings, and other components during installation.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Lg. | Lg. Tolerance | Straightness Tolerance | Edge Type | Hardness Rating | Hardness | Each | |
Metric—1045 Carbon Steel | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
40mm Dia. (Tolerance: -0.051mm to 0mm) | |||||||
200mm | -1.57mm to 1.57mm | 0.3 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Brinell 197 | 0000000 | 000000 |
400mm | -1.57mm to 1.57mm | 0.3 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Brinell 197 | 0000000 | 00000 |
500mm | -1.57mm to 1.57mm | 0.3 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Brinell 197 | 0000000 | 00000 |
1,000mm | -1.57mm to 1.57mm | 0.3 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Brinell 197 | 0000000 | 000000 |
1,200mm | -1.57mm to 1.57mm | 0.3 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Brinell 197 | 0000000 | 000000 |
1,500mm | -1.57mm to 1.57mm | 0.3 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Brinell 197 | 0000000 | 000000 |
2,000mm | -1.57mm to 1.57mm | 0.3 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Brinell 197 | 0000000 | 000000 |
Keyed Rotary Shafts
Combine these shafts with a machine key (not included) to transmit torque to gears, sprockets, and other power transmission components. All have an ANSI standard keyway (keys not included; see our selection of key stock). Their edges are chamfered to remove sharp corners, reducing damage to bearings, housings, and other components during installation. All are turned, ground, or polished to tight diameter and straightness tolerances.
Steel shafts are generally stronger than aluminum and stainless steel shafts but not as corrosion resistant. 1045 carbon steel shafts balance high strength and good machinability, making them ideal for general purpose use.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Keyway | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lg. | Lg. | Wd. | Dp. | ANSI Keys Included | Straightness Tolerance | Edge Type | Hardness Rating | Hardness | Each | |
Metric—1045 Carbon Steel | ||||||||||
40mm Dia. (Tolerance: -0.076mm to 0mm) | ||||||||||
300mm | 300mm | 12mm | 5mm | No | 0.33 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 00000000 | 0000000 |
500mm | 500mm | 12mm | 5mm | No | 0.33 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 00000000 | 000000 |
1,000mm | 1,000mm | 12mm | 5mm | No | 0.33 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 00000000 | 000000 |
1,200mm | 1,200mm | 12mm | 5mm | No | 0.33 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 00000000 | 000000 |
1,500mm | 1,500mm | 12mm | 5mm | No | 0.33 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 00000000 | 000000 |
1,800mm | 1,800mm | 12mm | 5mm | No | 0.33 mm per 300 mm | Chamfered | Medium | Rockwell B95 | 0000000 | 000000 |
Ball Splines and Bearings
Create a compact linear and rotary motion system for applications requiring complex, fast movements, such as robotics. The grooves on the ball splines transmit rotary power as ball bearings move smoothly and precisely along their length, even at high speeds.
Ball splines are alloy steel for high strength and wear resistance. They're hardened on the outside for additional wear resistance while the center is soft enough to absorb stress from shifting loads.
Bearings have a retaining ring groove, so they can be positioned in your system with a retaining ring (not included). Bearings with a keyway include a machine key for attaching your load. Flanged bearings have a surface with mounting holes for attaching your load.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Spline | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dia., mm | Dia. Tolerance, mm | Lg., mm | Lg. Tolerance, mm | Lg., mm | No. of | Root Dia., mm | Surface Smoothness, microinch | Edge Type | Hardness Rating | Hardness | Heat Treatment | Each | |
Metric—52100 Alloy Steel | |||||||||||||
Splined on Both Ends | |||||||||||||
40 | -0.02 to 0 | 400 | -0.05 to 0.05 | 400 | 4 | 35.5 | 16 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C60 | Case Hardened | 000000000 | 0000000 |
40 | -0.02 to 0 | 700 | -0.08 to 0.08 | 700 | 4 | 35.5 | 16 | Chamfered | Very Hard | Rockwell C60 | Case Hardened | 000000000 | 000000 |
Material | Keyway | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
For Spline Dia., mm | For No. of Splines | Overall Lg., mm | OD, mm | Bearing | Ball | Dynamic Load Cap., lbs. | Max. Dynamic Torque, in.-lbs. | With Retaining Ring Grooves | Includes | Dp., mm | Lg., mm | Wd., mm | Each | |
40 | 4 | 100 | 64 | Steel | Steel | 6,900 | 5,964 | Yes | Machine Key | 3.5 | 52 | 6 | 00000000 | 0000000 |
Material | Mounting Hole | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
For Spline Dia., mm | For No. of Splines | Overall Lg., mm | Flange OD, mm | OD, mm | Bearing | Ball | Dynamic Load Cap., lbs. | Max. Dynamic Torque, in.-lbs. | With Retaining Ring Grooves | No. of | Thread Size | Each | |
40 | 4 | 100 | 100 | 64 | Steel | Steel | 6,900 | 5,964 | Yes | 4 | M8 × 1.25 mm | 000000000 | 0000000 |
Multipurpose Flame-Retardant Garolite G-10/FR4 Rods
- Color: See Table
- Temperature Range: -100° F to 245° F
- Tensile Strength: 35,000-50,000 psi (Excellent)
- Impact Strength: 5.5-12 ft.-lbs./in. (Excellent)
- Hardness: Rockwell M115 (Extra Hard)
- For Use Outdoors: Yes
- Specifications Met: MIL-I-24768/27, UL 94 V-0
Made of a flame-retardant epoxy resin with fiberglass fabric reinforcement, these G-10/FR4 rods are a good all-around choice. They are strong, machinable, and electrically insulating. Garolite G-10/FR4 is also called epoxy-grade industrial laminate and phenolic.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
Abrasion-Resistant Polyurethane Rubber Rods
Stronger than natural rubber, these polyurethane rods combine the shock-absorbing qualities of rubber with the tear resistance of plastic. Use them to seal narrow spaces such as channels.
For technical drawings and 3-D models, click on a part number.
- Color: Amber (semi-clear)
- Temperature Range: -10° to 200° F
- Tensile Strength: 5,500 psi
- For Use Outdoors: Yes
12" Lg. | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Dia. | Dia. Tolerance | Durometer | Each | |
40mm | -0.250mm to +0.500mm | 80A (Hard) | 0000000 | 000000 |